Local Harvest: Bicol’s Abaca, Fibers Built to Last
Bicol has long been a key player in the country’s abaca industry. Known as Manila hemp, abaca is a natural fiber used in textiles, ropes, and industrial applications. The region remains one of the country’s top producers, with generations of farmers depending on it for their livelihood.
History
Abaca cultivation in the Philippines dates back centuries, with Spanish records noting its importance in shipbuilding and trade. Bicol, with its volcanic soil and favorable climate, became one of the leading regions for abaca production. During the early 20th century, demand for abaca grew as industries worldwide used it for marine ropes, paper products, and textiles.
Today, Abaca farming is a primary source of income for many in Bicol.
Production and Processing
In Bicol, abaca farming is dominated by smallholder farmers. The region has approximately 6,100 hectares dedicated to abaca, managed by around 2,812 farmers. Traditional methods are still widely practiced, with farmers harvesting the stalks, stripping the fibers, and sun-drying them before selling to processors.
The fibers are classified by quality and used in various industries, from textiles and handicrafts, to more specialized applications like currency paper and composite materials.
From 2009 to 2013, Bicol produced 22,987 metric tons of abaca, accounting for 39% of its total production in the Philippines. The fiber remains a significant export, with Japan, the United States, and Europe among the key markets.
READ: Backpacking Bicol: Beyond the Volcano
Challenges and Outlook
The industry faces challenges such as plant diseases and the impact of typhoons. The Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (PhilFIDA) has implemented disease management programs in areas like Manito, Albay, to control outbreaks. Meanwhile, efforts to modernize abaca farming and processing continue to ensure its sustainability.
Abaca remains a crucial part of Bicol’s economy and heritage. With proper support, the industry can continue to thrive, providing livelihoods to farmers while maintaining its role in the global market.
